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IKN-RS-SOP-16: Fire Safety and Emergency Procedure

DOCUMENT NO.  :  IKN-RS-SOP-16

Introduction

In the event of a fire, a close cooperation with the local Fire Department / Police Department may necessary. Fires, can be defined into two groups; minor fire and major fire.

Minor fire is classified as local fires (e.g., water container fire) which can be contained and promptly put out using a regular fire extinguisher and which do not create a threat to hazardous materials in storage.

Major fire is classified as fire which cannot be contained and promptly put out by a regular fire extinguisher, or which create a threat for hazardous materials in storage.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is as a guideline to encounter with any emergency situations, provide specific preventive and response procedures for safe, orderly and efficient manner and for protecting the personnel and facilities at Nuclear Medicine Department.

RESPONSIBILITY

  • Radiation Protection Officer (RPO)
  • Physicist
  • Radiation workers

FREQUENCY

Every time incidents and major emergencies of fire

EQUIPMENTS

  • Radioactive emergency spill kit
  • Calibrated contamination survey meter
  • Personal dosimeter – film badge, TLD badge, TLD ring

PROCEDURE

Minor Fire

In order to handle a Minor Fire effectively, the following procedure shall be followed:

  1. Immediately attempt to put out the fire by approved methods (e.g., fire extinguisher) if other fire hazards or radiation hazards are not present.
  2.  Notify all persons present to vacate the area and have one person immediately call the RPO.
  3. Once the fire is put out by fire department, isolate the area to prevent the spread of possible contamination.
  4. RPO will survey all persons involved in combating the fire for possible contamination.
  5. Personnel involved, if contaminated needs to remove contaminated clothes and flushing contaminated skin with lukewarm water, then washing with a mild soap.
  6. RPO and his team will then determine a plan of decontamination and the types of protective devices and survey equipments that will be necessary to decontaminate the area.
  7. No one is allow to return to work in the area unless approved by the RPO.
  8. RPO will conduct investigation for root cause of fire.
  9. If fire moved from Minor category to Major, follow procedures for Major Fire.
  10. RPO will supervise decontamination activities.
  11. RPO needs to consult with Fire Safety personnel to assure that there are no other possibilities of another fire starting.
  12. RPO will determine incident caused and corrective actions needed, consider the need for bioassays if licensed material is suspected been ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
  13. RPO needs to make sure the maximum dose limit for all First Responders do not exceed 50 mSv in a year (average annual dose should not exceed 20 mSv/yr over a period of 10 years).
  14. Medical Radiation Surveillance Division, MOH needs to be informed verbally within 24 hours and written report is submitted within 30 days of incident.

Major Fire

In order to handle a Major Fire effectively, the following procedure shall be followed:

  1. Notify all persons present to vacate the area and have one person immediately call RPO and then call the Police Services (as instructed by RPO).
  2. Once all persons are evacuated, isolate the area to prevent the spread of possible contamination.
  3. Survey all involved persons for possible contamination.
  4. Decontaminate personnel by removing contaminated clothes and flushing contaminated skin with lukewarm water, then washing with a mild soap.
  5. No one is allow to enter the area.
  6. Upon arrival of the First Responders, RPO needs to inform them where radioactive materials are stored or where radioisotopes were being used, inform them of the present location of the licensed material and the best possible entrance route to the radiation area, as well as any precautions to avoid exposure or risk of creating radioactive contamination by use of high pressure water (shower).
  7. Emergency Responders take charge upon arrival and starts to put off fire with the radiation safety advice from RPO.
  8. RPO and his team will then determine a plan of decontamination and the types of protective devices and survey equipment that will be necessary to decontaminate the area.
  9. RPO will set up a controlled area where the fire fighters can be surveyed for contaminated of their protective clothing and equipment after the fire is extinguished.
  10. Once the fire is extinguished, RPO needs to advise the First Responders not to enter potentially contaminated areas, or areas where radioactive sources may be present until a thorough evaluation and survey are performed to determine the extent of the damage to the licensed material use and storage areas.
  11. Perform thorough contamination surveys of the First Responders and their equipment before they leave the controlled area and decontaminate, if necessary.
  12. No one is allowed to return to work in the area unless approved by the RPO and Emergencey Responders.
  13. RPO will assist Fire Department during investigation for root cause of fire.
  14. A team is formed to do monitoring and decontamination work under the supervision of RPO (e.g., decontamination techniques, surveys, provision of bioassay samples, requested documentation).
  15. RPO needs to make sure the maximum dose limit for all First Responders do not exceed 50 mSv in a year ( average annual dose should not exceed 20 mSv/yr over a period of 10 years).
  16. Local authority needs to be informed verbally within 24 hours and written report is submitted within 30 days of incident.

REFERENCES

  1. Atomic Energy Licensing (Basic Safety Radiation Protection) Regulations 2010.
  2. Nuclear Medicine Resource Manual, IAEA 2006.
  3. Applying Radiation Safety Standards in Nuclear Medicine, Safety Reports Series No. 40, IAEA 2005

DISCLAIMER

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was developed based on compilation of best available information, knowledge, field experience, and general practices to provide guidance to IKN staff in performing the activities defined herein, in a consistent and standardised manner.
IKN does not guarantee nor accept any legal liability whatsoever arising from or connected to the accuracy, reliability, currency or completeness of any material contained herein.
IKN shall take no responsibility for and will not be held liable for this document being temporarily unavailable due to technical issues beyond our power and control.